Тувинская орфография в период Тувинской Народной Республики

Oyumaa M. Saaya; Bayarsaikhan Badarch

doi:10.25178/nit.2020.3.10

Authors

Oyumaa M. Saaya Tuvan Institute of Humanities and Applied Social and Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-2391
Bayarsaikhan Badarch Tuvan Institute of Humanities and Applied Social and Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-1042

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.3.10

Keywords:

Tuvan language; Tuvan People’s Republic; Tuva; History if Tuva; Latin script; Cyrillic script; Tuvan spelling; Tuvan writing system; pharyngealization; yanalif

Abstract

In the history of the Tuvan language and writing, the period of the Tuvan People's Republic is probably the most significant. This article discusses the formation of Tuvan spelling, which is closely related to the emergence of the writing system used by the Tuvan people. The article studies the spelling rules of Tuvan language published in the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, as well as presents an overview of spelling rules. The sources of the article are “The Rules of Tuvan orthography", published in 1931, 1932, 1933, 1941 and 1943 in various scripts.

Analysis of the rules codified in the five editions helped trace the specific features of Tuvan orthography and its improvement over time. While the main principles of spelling were phonetic and etymological, the morphological principle also mattered. They still remain definitive. The article also traces the introduction of unifying rules that provide for a unified morphological spelling of word endings and other forms that have different dialect variants. This process had a positive impact on the formation of the Tuvan literary language.

The spelling rules for pharyngealized vowels, strong and weak t-d, p-b at the beginning of Tuvan words had been difficult to develop since the beginning of Tuvan spelling. But a basic understanding of the peculiarities of these sounds was achieved during the TPR period.

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