Экологическая этика в буддизме: традиции и современный опыт

Mergen S.  Ulanov; Valeriy N. Badmaev; Vasiliy Kh. Khomutnikov

doi:10.25178/nit.2024.1.16

Authors

Mergen S. Ulanov Kalmyk State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-7424
Valeriy N. Badmaev Kalmyk State University
Vasiliy Kh. Khomutnikov Kalmyk State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2024.1.16

Keywords:

Buddhism; ecology; Eco-Buddhism; ecological ethics; ahimsa; doctrine of interdependence; 14th Dalai Lama; Buddhist ecological movement; Buddhism in Russia

Abstract

The article explores the specifics of ecological ethics in Buddhism. The discourse related to the phenomenon of Eco-Buddhism is examined, and the attitude towards nature in traditional Buddhism is investigated. The views of contemporary Buddhists on ecological issues are analyzed, along with Buddhist ecological movements and organizations. The ecological activities of Buddhist clergy in Russia are also highlighted.

The research is based on two groups of sources. The first group includes ancient Buddhist texts containing elements of ecological ethics. The second group comprises works by modern Buddhist thinkers. Many contemporary Buddhologists and Buddhist activists believe that Buddhism has significant potential to address modern ecological problems. In their works, a new theoretical dimension of Buddhist tradition, known as Eco-Buddhism, emerges. However, there are more skeptical perspectives on this matter. Critics of Eco-Buddhism emphasize that traditional Buddhism primarily serves soteriological goals and that attempts to environmentalize it distort historical traditions and doctrinal principles.

Nevertheless, even acknowledging a certain reinterpretation and modification of Buddhist teachings does not negate the fact that Eco-Buddhism's ideas align with the spirit and fundamental principles of Buddhist worldview. Analyzing crucial tenets of Buddhism, such as the doctrine of interdependence, karma, non-violence (ahimsa), and compassion, reveals a serious ecological potential, indicating the existence of Buddhist ecological ethics.

Today, many Buddhists actively participate in environmental conservation efforts, drawing on the ecological principles of Buddhist tradition. Significant contributions to environmental preservation are made by authoritative Buddhist leaders, particularly His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. The activities of Buddhist clergy in Buryatia, Kalmykia, and Tuva are noteworthy, as they engage in ecological actions and work towards fostering ecological awareness among the local population.

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