Means of expressing the emotion of fear in Turkic languages — Tuvan, Karachai-Balkar and Khakass
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2022.2.16Keywords:
Tuvan language; Karachai-Balkar language; Khakass language; fear; Turkic languagesAbstract
The article describes the ways of expressing the emotion of fear in the Turkic languages, using Tuvan, Karachai-Balkar and Khakass languages as examples. The most common forms the emotion of fear takes are verbs, somatic phraseological units and, as an auxiliary unit, interjections.
Based on their semantic features, these verbs can be divided into two categories: those indicating the experience of a strong degree of fear, and of a weaker one. A strong degree of fear in the Tuvan language can be conveyed by complex verbs, such as korgar-dүvүreer ‘to be very afraid and anxious’; korgar-irger ‘to be deeply afraid, to stand aghast’; or korgar-sestir ‘to feel scared of something’. One of the components is the basic verb korgar ‘to fear’, while the other is a synonym that adds a shade of meaning to the semantics of a complex verb.
As a rule, the verbs which convey a weaker degree of fear in all three studied languages slightly change their semantics: the sign of "fear intensity" can be replaced by a sign of “the duration of fear”, such as staing suspicious or alert. As pieces of metaphorical projection, phraseological units describe the effect fear has on the human body: limbs tremble, the body grows numb, face turns pale, eyes pop out, fear keeps us tongue-tied, etc.
There are also phraseological units which suggest a link between the emotion of fear and mental activity,such as Khakass saғys syh — ‘to be terribly afraid’ (lit. ‘to have one’s thoughts evaporated’), or izin syғar — ‘to frighten smb. out of his wits’ (lit. ‘to carry away smb.’s thoughts’).
Overall, the studied languages, despite a variety of semantic aspects of verb forms expressing emotion, feature the same elements of describing the impact of fear over human body.
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For citation:
Akhmatova M. A., Salchak A. Ya. and Chertykova M. D. Sredstva vyrazheniia emotsii strakha v tiurkskikh iazykakh (na primere tuvinskogo, karachaevo-balkarskogo i khakasskogo iazykov) [Means of expressing the emotion of fear in Turkic languages — Tuvan, Karachai-Balkar and Khakass]. New Research of Tuva, 2022, no. 2, pp. 224-238. (In Russ.). DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.25178/nit.2022.2.16
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Author Biographies
Mariam A. Akhmatova, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Department of Karachay and Balkar Philology, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov.
Postal address: 173 Chernyshevsky St., 360004 Nalchik, Russian Federation.
Tel.: +7 (928) 910-06-70.
Email: mari.ahmatova@yandex.ru
Aelita Ya. Salchak, Tuvan State University
Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Department of Tuvan Philology and General Linguistics, Tuvan State University.
Postal address: 36 Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation.
Tel.: +7 (394-22) 2-19-69.
Email: aelita_74@mail.ru
Maria D. Chertykova, N.F. Katanov Khakass State University
Doctor of Philology, Leading Research Fellow, Institute for the Humanities and Sayan-Altai Turkology, N. F. Katanov Khakas State University.
Postal address: 94 Lenin St., 655017 Abakan, Russian Federation.
Email: chertikova@yandex.ru
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