Unity and uniqueness of contemporary ethnic cultures of Central Asia: three research problem fields
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.4.14Keywords:
Central Asia; Sayano-Altai region; Russia; Mongolia; Tuvans; Kalmyks; Mongols; Khakass; Altaian; history of Russian ethnography; comparative historical analysis; cultural universals; cross-cultural study; emic studyAbstract
В статье анализируются разные подходы к изучению единства и своеобразия современных кочевых культур Центральной Азии (тувинцев, калмыков, монголов, хакасов, алтайцев и др.), применяемые российскими учеными, начиная с XIX в. В центре анализа — публикации культурологической познавательной области, в которых изучается ценностно-смысловое ядро культур. Массив публикаций разделен на три условных больших исследовательских поля, которые соответствуют определенным этапам развития научного знания: 1) поле сравнительно-исторических исследований, 2) поле исследований универсалий культур и 3) поле исследований уникалий и универсалий культур с особенностями эмико-этических подходов. В статье рассмотрены особенности каждого исследовательского поля на примере подходов отдельных монографий, статей, сборников.
Поле сравнительно-исторического анализа (появилось с XIX и присутствует до сегодняшнего дня) содержит работы с историко-типологическими, историко-генетическими сравнениями и обобщениями. Общим можно назвать различение двух культурных ареалов территории — по языковым группам: тюркской и монгольской. Поле исследований универсалий культуры развернулось с 1980-х годов. В нем рассматриваются общие, универсальные категории всех культур. С начала XXI в. появилось и стало расширяться исследовательское поле, в котором оказались и универсалии, и уникалии культуры, однако важным моментом, отличающим данное поле, стала субъектность исследователя и то, какую методологическую позицию он выбирает. В этом поле особенности изучения культур определяются в эмико-этических аспектах исследовательских подходов.
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Ламажаа Ч. К. Единство и своеобразие современных этнических культур народов Центральной Азии: три исследовательских проблемных поля // Новые исследования Тувы. 2020, № 4. С. 201-216. DOI: www.doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.4.14
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Lamazhaa Ch. K. Edinstvo i svoeobrazie sovremennykh etnicheskikh kul'tur narodov Tsentral'noi Azii: tri issledovatel'skikh problemnykh polia [Unity and uniqueness of contemporary ethnic cultures of Central Asia: three research problem fields]. New Research of Tuva, 2020, no. 4, pp. 201-216. (In Russ.). DOI: www.doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.4.14
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Chimiza Kuder-oolovna Lamazhaa, Kalmyk Scientific Centre RAS
Doctor of Philosophy, Leading Researcher, Department of Archeology, Ethnology and Antropology, Kalmyk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Postal address: 8 Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation.
Tel.: +7 (916) 413-33-85.
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