Verbal voice in Yakut and Tuvan languages in comparison with Mongolian and Tungus languages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.1.12Keywords:
Altai languages; Turkic languages; Mongolian language; Tuvan language; Even language; Evenski language; verb; voice; affix; grammar constructionAbstract
The article examines voice forms of the verb, their semantic structure and syntactic constructions they give rise to, as seen in the studies of Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus languages. At the moment a study of these verbal forms is closely connected to the urgent issue of systemic links between formal morphology and grammatical semantics.
A variety of definitions of grammatical voice has been provided throughout the whole history of studying Turkic languages, generating incessant discussions. The languages in question feature almost the same set of voice forms: active, passive, reciprocal, imperative and reflexive. In every group of Altai languages, the same affix of voice forms, or its allomorphs, is functional. For instance, the imperative voice in Mongolian languages is formed by the suffix –uul, while in Tungus-Manchurian languages the causative features an affix etymologically stemming back to the *-vukan/-ukan formant, and the Turkic languages rely on different versions of the -t(º)r affix. An important feature of Altai languages is that all voice forms therein have common semantics – for instance, the imperative voice is seen as one subject interfering with the action of another. Languages of the Altai type largely overlap in how voice relations are syntactically presented.
In the languages under analysis, syntactic constructions with the meaning of grammatical voice take shape in accordance with transitive/intransitive character of the verbal stem and the semantic type of the situational actant. The verbal voice thus invites further study as a grammatical form and a carrier of voice as a semantic category.
References
Boldyrev, B. V. (2007) Morfologiia evenkiiskogo iazyka [Morphology of the Evenki language]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ. 932 p. (In Russ.).
Bondarko, A. V. (1999) Osnovy funktsional'noi grammatiki: Iazykovaia interpretatsiia idei vremeni [Functional Grammar Basics: Linguistic Interpretation of the Idea of Time]. St. Petersburg, SPbGU. 260 p. (In Russ.).
Vinokurova, N. I. (2016) Glossirovanie kak metod reprezentatsii tekstov v iakutskom iazyke [Glossing as a method of representing texts in Yakut language]. Severo-vostochnyi Gumanitarnyi Vestnik. Vol 4 (17). Pp. 85–99. (In Russ.).
Guzev, V. G. and Telitsin, N. N. (2019) Turetskie zalogi i poniatie «zalog» [Voice in Turkish and the concept of grammatical voice]. In: «Sözüm munda qalïr, barïr bu özüm». Scripta in memoriam D. M. Nasilov [«My word stays here, i'm leaving». Type in memoriam D. M. Nasilov]. Moscow, OOO «Izd-vo MBA». 399 p. Pp. 134–144. (In Russ.).
Dorzhu, K. B. (2013) Kategoriia zaloga v tuvinskom iazyke [The category of voice in Tuvan language]. Kyzyl, RIO TuvGU. 150 p. (In Russ.).
Ivanov, S. N. (1969) Rodoslovnoe drevo tiurok Abu-l-gazi-khana. Grammaticheskii ocherk (Imia i glagol. Grammaticheskie kategorii) [Family tree of the Turks by Abu-l-ghazi-khan. An Essay on Grammar (The name and the verb. Grammatical categories)]. Tashkent. Publishing house “FAN” of the Uzbek SSR. 202 p. (In Russ.).
Iskhakov, Ph. G. and Pal’mbakh, A. A. (1961) Grammatika tuvinskogo iazyka. Fonetika i morfologiia [A grammar of the Tuvan language. Phonetics and morphology]. Moscow, Vostochnaia literature Publ. 472 p. (In Russ.).
Kormushin, I. V. (1976) O passivnom znachenii kauzativnykh glagolov [On the passive meaning of causative verbs]. In: Turcologica. K semidesiatiletiiu akademika A.N. Kononova. [Turkology. On the occasion of the seventieth birthday of academician A. N. Kononov]. Ed. by S. G. Klyashtorny, Yu. A. Petrosyan and E. R. Tenishev. Leningrad, Nauka Publ. 363 p. Pp. 89–93. (In Russ.).
Kormushin, I. V. (1978) Kauzativnye formy glagola v altaiskikh iazykakh [Causative verb forms in Altai languages]. In: Ocherki po sravnitel'noi morfologii altaiskikh iazykov [Essays on the comparative morphology of Altai languages]. Ed. by O. P. Sunik with D. M. Nasilov, O. P. Sunik, V. I. Tsintsius and N. I. Letiagina. Leningrad, Nauka Publ. 270 p. Pp. 10–87. (In Russ.).
Kotvich, Vl. (1962) Issledovanie po altaiskim iazykam [A Study of Altai Languages]: Translated from Polish. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo inostrannoi literatury. 370 p. (In Russ.).
Kuz'menkov, E. A. (1984) Glagol v mongol'skom iazyke [The Verb in Mongolian]. Leningrad, LGU Publ. 138 p. (In Russ.).
Popova, N. I. (2002) Kategoriia zaloga v kontekste teorii sintaksicheskoi derivatsii [The category of voice in the context of syntactic derivation theory]. In: Tiurkskie i severnye iazyki [Turkic and northern languages]. Ed. by P. A. Sleptsov. Yakutsk, In-t gum. issled. AN RS (Ia). 334 p. Pp. 148–158. (In Russ.).
Rassadin, V. I. (1978) Morfologiia tofalarskogo iazyka v sravnitel'nom osveshchenii [A Comparative Study of the Morphology of Tofalar Language]. Moscow, Nauka Publ. 286 p. (In Russ.).
Robbek, V. A. (2007) Grammaticheskie kategorii evenskogo glagola v funktsional'no-semanticheskom aspekte [The Grammatical Categories of the Evenki Verb in the Functional and Semantic Aspect]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ. 726 p. (In Russ.).
Saliakhova, Z. I. (2012) Zalog glagola i zalogovost': istoriia i sovremennost' [The Verbal Voice: History and Present]. Ufa, Gilem. 140 p. (In Russ.).
Sanzheev, G. D. (1963) Sravnitel'naia grammatika mongol'skikh iazykov. Glagol [A Comparative Grammar of the Mongolian Languages. The Verb]. Moscow, Nauka Publ. 266 p. (In Russ.).
Kharitonov, L. N. (1963) Zalogovye formy glagola v iakutskom iazyke [Forms of Verbal Voice in Yakut Language]. Moscow, Leningrad, Izd-vo AN SSSR. 124 p. (In Russ.).
Shentsova, I. V. (1988) Shorskii glagol. Funktsional'no-semanticheskoe issledovanie [The Verb in Shor Language: A Functional and Semantic Study]. Abstract of Dissertation ... Doctor of Philology. Moscow. 48 p. (In Russ.).
Shcherbak, A. M. (1981) Ocherki po sravnitel'noi morfologii tiurkskikh iazykov (Glagol) [Essays on the Comparative Morphology of Turkic Languages: The Verb]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ, Leningradskoe otdelenie. 176 p. (In Russ.).
Iuldashev, A. A. (1988) Kategoriia zaloga [The Category of Verbal Voice]. In: Sravnitel'no-istoricheskaia grammatika tiurkskikh iazykov. Morfologiia [A Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Morphology]. Ed. by E. R. Tenishev. Moscow, Nauka. 557 p. Pp. 269–309. (In Russ.).
Published
How to Cite
Danilova N. I. Verbal voice in Yakut and Tuvan languages in comparison with Mongolian and Tungus languages. The New Research of Tuva. 2020, № 1. URL: https://nit.tuva.asia/nit/article/view/906 (access date ...). DOI: 10.25178/nit.2020.1.12
Issue
Section
Author Biography
Nadezhda I. Danilova, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Doctor of Philology, Head, Yakut language Department, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Postal address: 1 Petrovsky St., 677027 Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
Tel.: +7 (4112) 35-49-96.
E-mail: nadiv2008@mail.ru
Author(s) license holder(s) grant rights for their work to the journal (grantee of a license) under the simple non-exclusive open license in accordance with Art. 1286.1 «Open license for a research work, work of literature or fine arts», Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
New Research of Tuva publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC).
Since it is an open license, author(s) reserve the right to upload the article to their institutional repository, submit it to another journal (if it allows republications), or republish it on their own website (in full, or in part).
However, several conditions apply here:
a) The republished version must always contain the name(s) and affiliation(s) of the author(s), the original title and the hyperlink to the original version on the New Research of Tuva website;
b) It must be in open access, free of charge, and no category of readers must be in any way whatsoever advantaged over general readership.
c) should the contribution be submitted elsewhere by its author(s) without substantial modification (30% or more of original text unchanged), the body of the article should contain a disclaimer that the original version was published in New Research of Tuva (with a link to the respective page)
The CC-BY-NC is a non-revocable license which applies worldwide and lasts for the duration of the work’s copyright.
