'Nomadism' of the North: mobility of ethnic groups of indigenous and non-indigenous population in the practices of spatial development of Siberia (the case of Surgut raion of Yugra)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2019.3.6Keywords:
space; spatial development; Siberia; North; Yugra; mobility; ethnic networks; relationship; fraternity; nomadism; northern nomadismAbstract
The article analyzes the role of various social institutions in the spatial development of the Ob's' North. The example of the Surgut raion of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region (Yugra) shows the influence of state regulation and social self-organization on shaping the spatial framework of human settlement. The settlement structure and transport infrastructure of the Surgut raion are treated in the article as a result of the mutual overlay of the “old-timer”, Soviet and post-Soviet models of spatial exploration.
The article also explains several functions informal social institutions (such as kinship, affinal relationships, or fraternity) have over the spatial development of the North. They are significant for the reproduction of the population on the North, which is true both for indigenous minorities of the Yugra and for non-indigenous ethnic groups of the Ob' North. The ethnic networks established in informal institutions are noted to be functioning as independent actors of spatial mobilization. They facilitate the process of migration and help several generations of migrants adapt themselves to a 'new life' in locations they choose to settle in. The article also gives an idea of the 'nomadic' character not only of the autochthonous peoples of the North (the Khanty, Mansi, Nenets), but also other ethnic groups represented in the structure of inter-ethnic communities of the Ob's North.
The research is empirically based on the interviews with residents of the Surgut raion of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region and the Taz Raion of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region: Slavs, representatives of the peoples of the Volga region, the Caucasus and Central Asia, and indigenous minorities of the Extreme North (more than 40 interviews overall).The basis of the article also formed the results of previous field studies carried out by author in 1994, 2013, and 2014.References
Ob utverzhdenii Strategii prostranstvennogo razvitiya RF do 2025 goda On adopting the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025] (2019). Pravitel'stvo Rossii, February 14 [online] Available at: http://government.ru/docs/35733 (access date: 16.05.2019). (In Russ.).
Abramov, I. V. (2017) Olenevodstvo kak strategiya zhizneobespecheniya mansi: faktory vozniknoveniya i ugasaniya [Reindeer herding as a strategy for the life support of the Mansi: Factors of occurrence and extinction]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii, no. 4 (39), pp. 104-113. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2017-39-4-104-113
Agapov, M. G. and Kliueva, V. P. (2018) The North is calling!: the Northern attraction motif in the history of the Russian arctic development. Siberian Historical Research, no. 4, pp. 6–24. DOI: 10.17223/2312461X/22/1
Balalaeva, O. E. (2014) Obshchinnoe dvizhenie v Surgutskom raione i obshchina «Yaun-Yah» Community movement in the Surgut Raion and the Yaun-Yah community. Severnyi region: nauka, obrazovanie, kul'tura, no. 1 (29), pp. 35-43. (In Russ.).
Golovnev, A. V., Lyozova, S. V., Abramov, I. V., Belorussova, S. Yu. and Babenkova, N. A. (2014) Etnoekspertiza na Yamale: nenetskie kochev'ya i gazovye mestorozhdeniya [Ethno-expert examination on Yamal: Nenets nomad camps and gas fields]. Ekaterinburg, Izdatel'stvo AMB. 232 p. (In Russ.).
Erokhina, E. A. (2018) Korennye malochislennye narody i dobyvayushchie kompanii na Obskom Severe: sotrudnichestvo ili konflikt? [Indigenous minorities and mining companies in the Ob’ north: Cooperation or conflict?]. ECO, no. 5, pp. 81-92. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.30680/ЕСО0131-7652-2018-5-81-92
Erokhina, E. A. (2019) Etnokul'turnye mekhanizmy prostranstvennogo razvitiya na Obskom Severe [Ethnocultural mechanisms of spatial development in the Ob’ north]. In: Puti Rossii. Granicy politiki [The Ways of Russia. The Boundaries of Politics]. Moscow, Delo. 322 p. Pp. 154-162. (In Russ.).
Zamyatina, N. Yu. and Pilyasov, A. N. (2018) Lokal'nye transportnye sistemy v razvitii Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka [Local transport systems in the development of Siberia and the Far East]. Geografiya i prirodopol'zovanie Sibiri, no. 25, pp. 93-99. (In Russ.).
Zubarevich, N. V. (2014) Regional'noe razvitie i regional'naya politika v Rossii [Regional development and regional policy in Russia]. ECO, no. 4, pp. 6-27. (In Russ.).
Kvashnin, Yu. N. (2012) Etnicheskie i demograficheskie processy u tazovskih nencev v nachale XXI veka [Ethnic and demographic processes of the Taz Nenets at the beginning of the 21st century]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii, no. 3 (18), pp. 141-152. (In Russ.).
Kryukov, V. A. (2019) Slabeyushchii skrep prostranstva [The weakening grip of space]. ECO, no. 3, pp. 4-7. DOI: DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2019-4-4-7
Novikova, N. I. (2016) Neft', gaz, korennye narody: kto napishet pravila? [Oil, gas, indigenous peoples: Who will write the rules?]. Vestnik ugrovedeniya, no. 3 (26), pp. 124-137. (In Russ.).
Marhinin, V. V. and Udalova, I. V. (2002) Traditsionnoe khoziaistvo narodov Severa i neftegazovyj kompleks (sociologicheskie issledovaniya v Hanty-Mansijskom avtonomnom okruge [Traditional economy of indigenous peoples of the North and the oil and gas complex: sociological research in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region]. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 254 p. (In Russ.).
Plyusnin, Yu. M. (2018) Promysly provintsii: arkhaicheskie i sovremennye ekonomicheskie praktiki naseleniya [The crafts of the province: Archaic and modern economic practices of provincial households]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noi antropologii, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 73-106. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31119/jssa.2018.21.1.4
Rakhmanova, L. Ya. (2018) Ispytanie — adaptatsia — ukorenenie: osmyslenie i voploshchenie ponyatii na Severe i v Sibiri [Testing — Adapting — Rooting: Understanding and implementation of concepts in the North and Siberia]. In: Puti Rossii. 1917-2017: sto let peremen [The ways of Russia. 1917-2017: a centenary of change]. Ed. by M. P. Pugacheva and V. P. Zharkov. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nestor-History. 284 p. Pp. 227-244. (In Russ.).
Skipina, I. V. and Chekrygina, E. A. (2015) Dokumenty 1930-kh gg. o spetspereselentsakh na Obskom Severe v fondakh gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Tyumenskoi oblasti [Documents from 1930s on “special settlers” in the Ob’ North in the collections of the state archive of Tyumen Oblast]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 33-37. (In Russ.).
Tyugashev, E. A., Vydrina, G. A. and Popkov, Yu. V. (2004) Etnokonfessional'nye processy v sovremennoj Yugre [Ethno-confessional processes in contemporary Yugra]. Novosibirsk, Nonparel'. 224 p. (In Russ.).
Shteinberg, I. E. (2009) Process institucionalizatsii setei sotsial'noi podderzhki v mezhsemeinykh i druzheskikh obmenakh [The process of institutionalizing social support networks in inter-family and friendly exchanges]. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 62-75. (In Russ.).
Published
How to Cite
Erokhina E. A. 'Nomadism' of the North: mobility of ethnic groups of indigenous and non-indigenous population in the practices of spatial development of Siberia (the case of Surgut raion of Yugra). The New Research of Tuva. 2019, № 3 [online] Available at: https://nit.tuva.asia/nit/article/view/865 (access date ...). DOI: 10.25178/nit.2019.3.6
Issue
Section
Author Biography
Elena A. Erokhina, Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Technical University
Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow, Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Leading Research Fellow, Institute of the Humanities, Novosibirsk State University.
Postal address: 8 Nikolaev Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
Tel.: +7 (383) 330-22-40.
Е-mail: leroh@mail.ru
Author(s) license holder(s) grant rights for their work to the journal (grantee of a license) under the simple non-exclusive open license in accordance with Art. 1286.1 «Open license for a research work, work of literature or fine arts», Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
New Research of Tuva publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC).
Since it is an open license, author(s) reserve the right to upload the article to their institutional repository, submit it to another journal (if it allows republications), or republish it on their own website (in full, or in part).
However, several conditions apply here:
a) The republished version must always contain the name(s) and affiliation(s) of the author(s), the original title and the hyperlink to the original version on the New Research of Tuva website;
b) It must be in open access, free of charge, and no category of readers must be in any way whatsoever advantaged over general readership.
c) should the contribution be submitted elsewhere by its author(s) without substantial modification (30% or more of original text unchanged), the body of the article should contain a disclaimer that the original version was published in New Research of Tuva (with a link to the respective page)
The CC-BY-NC is a non-revocable license which applies worldwide and lasts for the duration of the work’s copyright.
