The Impact of Migration Processes on the Ethnic and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Population of Tuva during the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2025.4.3Keywords:
Tuva; Tuvans; Russians of Tuva; migration process; Soviet period; external migration; internal migration; ethnic structure of the populationAbstract
This article presents an analysis of the impact of migration processes on the ethnic and socio-demographic characteristics of the population of Tuva in a dynamic perspective during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The study examines the shifting ethnic structure of the region’s population, the socio-demographic profile of migration participants, and includes data from a sociological survey conducted in 2023.
During the Soviet period, in-migration to Tuva was predominantly of a semi-voluntary and temporary nature. The region had low migratory attractiveness due to its comparatively low standard of living and lagging socio-economic development relative to other regions and republics of the RSFSR and the USSR. The influx of skilled specialists and workers contributed to the polyethnic composition of the population and led to the emergence of a new socio-professional structure corresponding to the needs of Tuva’s agrarian-industrial economy. Migration activity was marked by ethnic differentiation—Tuvan residents primarily engaged in intra-regional migration, whereas ethnic Russians were more involved in interregional mobility.
Since the 1990s, the outflow of the Russian-speaking population has intensified and continues to this day. As a result, an increasing monoethnic character of the republic’s population is being observed. For socio-economic reasons, the republic’s capital has seen a growing influx of rural residents. Active suburbanization around the capital is causing disproportion in the spatial distribution of the population and human capital.
References
Abylkalikov, S. I. (2021) Features of Demographic Development of Tuva: The Contribution of Migration to the Demographic Balance. New Research of Tuva, no. 4, pp. 131–142. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.4.10
Abylkalikov, S. I., Baimurzina, G. R. and Batalov, R. O. (2023) Population Migration in Tuva According to the 2020 All-Russian Population Census. New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 6–16. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.2.1
Aksyutin, Yu. M. (2018) The Influence of Identity Structure Transformation on Interethnic Relations in Sayano-Altai in the Post-Soviet Period. Vestnik Khakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.V. Katanova, no. 25, pp. 66–67. (In Russ.)
Anaiban, Z. V. (2002) Ethnosocial Aspects of Migration Processes in the Republic of Tuva in the 1990s. In: Uchyonye zapiski. Tuvinskiy institut gumanitarnykh issledovaniy, vol. XIX. Kyzyl, Respublikanskaya tipografiya. 326 p. Pp. 40–49. (In Russ.)
Anaiban, Z. V. (2020) The Current Migration Situation in Tuva. Sciences of Europe, no. 49, pp. 62–66. (In Russ.)
Anaiban, Z. V. and Balakina, G. F. (2015) Dynamics of Interethnic Relations and Ethnic Stereotypes in the Republic of Tuva. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, no. 8 (376), pp. 93–99. (In Russ.)
Anaiban, Z. V., Guboglo, M. N. and Kozlov, M. S. (1999) Formation of the Ethnopolitical Situation. Vol. I. Essays on the History of Post-Soviet Tuva. Moscow, Center for the Study of Interethnic Relations, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, RAS. 420 p. (In Russ.)
Akhmetova, G. F. (2022) Migration Processes in National Republics with Different Human Development Levels (Case Studies of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Tuva). New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 53–69. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2022.2.4
Badmaeva, N. V. and Natsak, O. D. (2021) Contemporary Labor Migration from Kalmykia and Tuva: Economic, Sociocultural and Gender Aspects. New Research of Tuva, no. 4, pp. 186–205. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.4.14
Balakina, G. F. and Anaiban, Z. V. (2016) Features of Ethnoregional Migration in Tuva. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, no. 10 (390), pp. 85–92. (In Russ.)
Balakina, G. F. and Anaiban, Z. V. (1995) Modern Tuva: Sociocultural and Ethnic Processes. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 137 p. (In Russ.)
Begzi, A. D. (1975) Formation of Urban Population in Tuva and the Evolution of Its Social Structure and Ethnic Composition. In: Uchyonye zapiski, vol. XVII. Kyzyl, Sovet Ministrov ASSR. 278 p. Pp. 62–70. (In Russ.)
Buzur-ool, D. B. (1967) The “Tuvacobalt” Plant — The First in Tuvan Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. In: Uchyonye zapiski TNIYALI, vol. XII. Kyzyl, Sovet Ministrov. 278 p. Pp. 243–248. (In Russ.)
Vorobyev, N. V. (2021) Migration Dynamics of Rural Population in Siberia. Geopolitika i ekogeodinamika regionov, vol. 7 (17), no. 3, pp. 193–203. (In Russ.)
Goliusova, Y. V. (2023) Potential Labor Mobility of the Population of the Republic of Tuva. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya, no. 9, pp. 46–51. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.9.5
Dyatlov, V. I. (2024) Capitals of Siberian Autonomous Regions and the Nation-Building Mission: Dynamics of Functions, Status, and Ethnization of Urban Space. Periferiya. Zhurnal issledovaniya nestolichnykh prostranstv, no. 2(3), pp. 8–28. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.38161/2949-6152-2024-2-08-28
Evdokimov, A. I. (2019) External Migration Processes in the Republic of Tuva as Perceived by Local Population. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk, no. 11–2 (38), pp. 146–149. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-1000-2019-11771
Erokhina, E. A. (2023) Disparities in the Development of Russian National Republics: Ethnosocial View of Asian Russia. Society and Security Insights, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13–30. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14258/SSI(2023)4-01
Ikonnikov, N. P. (1961) On the Results of the Population Census. In: Uchyonye zapiski Tuvinskogo NII yazyka, literatury i istorii, vol. IX. Kyzyl: Tipografiya upravleniya kultury. 286 p. Pp. 49–56. (In Russ.)
Lamazhaa, Ch. K. (2021) Social Culture of the Tuvans and Online Space. New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 115–129. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.2.10
Melnikova, N. M., Kuznetsova, S. A., Charina, E. V. (2021) The Virtual World as a Way to Preserve and Shape Ethnic Identity under Migration Settings. Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta im. M.K. Ammosova. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya. Filosofiya, no. 4 (24), pp. 118–125. (In Russ.)
Mkrtchyan, N. V. (2015) Spatial Features of Internal Migration in Russia. In: Donets, E. V. and Chudinovskikh, O. S. (eds.) Modern Research of Population Migration, vol. 25. Moscow, Moscow State University. 150 p. Pp. 94–111. (In Russ.)
Natsak, O. D. and Balakina, G. F. (2024) Gender Differences in Adaptive Strategies of the Population of the Republic of Tuva. New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 177–192. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2024.2.11
Natsak, O. D. and Darzhaa, Ch. B. (2023) Migration Intentions of the Population of the Republic of Tuva: Directions, Causes and Motives. Aziatskiye issledovaniya: istoriya i sovremennost', no. 2–3 (6–7), pp. 193–219. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2782-6139-2023-6-7-193-219
Nikolaeva, A. I. (1967) Labor Resources of the Tuva ASSR and Their Use in the National Economy. In: Uchyonye zapiski, vol. XII. Kyzyl: Sovet Ministrov. 278 p. Pp. 208–220. (In Russ.)
Oidup, T. M. (2023) Social and Professional Orientations of Graduates from Urban and Rural Schools in Southern Siberia. Byulleten’ Kalmytskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, no. 3, pp. 152–173. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2023-3-27-152-173
Essays on Social Development of the Tuva ASSR (1983) / Boyko, V. I., Beloshapkina, V. N., Shirshin, G. Ch., et al. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 262 p. (In Russ.)
Persidskaya, O. A. and Evdokimov, A. I. (2016) Different Types of Identity among Ethnic Groups in Siberia: Comparative Sociological Analysis. Istoricheskiye, politicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki, kulturologiya i iskusstvovedeniye. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 10 (72), pp. 137–141. (In Russ.)
Rostovskaya, T. K. and Vasilieva, E. N. (2023) Challenges of Educational Migration of Tuva Youth: Demographic Aspects. New Research of Tuva, no. 3, pp. 207–219. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.3.13
Ryazantsev, S. V., Rostovskaya, T. K. and Davletshina, L. A. (2022) Current Demographic Issues and Demographer Training in Tuva. New Research of Tuva, no. 4, pp. 146–168. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2022.4.12
Seliverstova, N. A., Sorokin, O. V. and Oorzhak, S. U. (2023) Semantics of Homeland in Representations of Tuvan Students. New Research of Tuva, no. 1, pp. 110–124. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.1.6
Tarbastaeva, I. S. (2024) Rural-Urban Relations in Tuva (Based on Interviews with Natives of Ovyursky District). New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 209–224. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2024.2.1
Tatarova, S. P. and Zateeva, N. A. (2021) Issues of Rural Development (Cases of Buryatia and Tuva). Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Politicheskiye, sotsiologicheskiye i ekonomicheskiye nauki, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 58–65. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-1-58-65
Kharunov, R. Sh. and Kharunova, M. M.-B. (2021) Educational Migration as a Life Strategy of Youth in Tuva. Ermolayevskiye chteniya, pp. 32–36. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2686-9624-2021-32-36
Chernyshov, K. A., Mityagina, E. V., Chernyshova, N. V. and Petrov, E. Yu. (2023) Scale and Orientation of Educational Migration of Tuvan Youth. New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 70–83. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.2.5
Published
How to Cite
For citation:
Rostovskaya T. K., Natsak O. D. and Nakisbaev D. V. The Impact of Migration Processes on the Ethnic and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Population of Tuva during the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods. New Research of Tuva, 2025, no. 4, pp. 38-57. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2025.4.3
Issue
Section
Author Biographies
Tamara K. Rostovskaya, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; RUDN University
Doctor of Sociology, Professor; Deputy Director, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Research Sociological Center, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Professor, Director, Institute of Modern Languages, Intercultural Communication and Migration, RUDN University.
Postal addresses: Bldg. 1, 6 Fotievoi St., 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation.
E-mail: rostovskaya.tamara@mail.ru
Organa D. Natsak, Tuvan Institute for Humanitarian and Applied Socio-Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva
Candidate of Philosophy, Academic Secretary, Tuvan Institute of Humanities and Applied Social and Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva.
Postal address: 4 Kochetov St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation.
E-mail: nod695596@gmail.com
Dmitry V. Nakisbaev, RUDN University
Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Deputy Director, Institute of Modern Languages, Intercultural Communication and Migration RUDN University;
Head of the Department, Department of State and Municipal Administration RUDN University.
Postal address: 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
E-mail: nakisbaev-dv@rudn.ru
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author(s) license holder(s) grant rights for their work to the journal (grantee of a license) under the simple non-exclusive open license in accordance with Art. 1286.1 «Open license for a research work, work of literature or fine arts», Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
New Research of Tuva publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC).
Since it is an open license, author(s) reserve the right to upload the article to their institutional repository, submit it to another journal (if it allows republications), or republish it on their own website (in full, or in part).
However, several conditions apply here:
a) The republished version must always contain the name(s) and affiliation(s) of the author(s), the original title and the hyperlink to the original version on the New Research of Tuva website;
b) It must be in open access, free of charge, and no category of readers must be in any way whatsoever advantaged over general readership.
c) should the contribution be submitted elsewhere by its author(s) without substantial modification (30% or more of original text unchanged), the body of the article should contain a disclaimer that the original version was published in New Research of Tuva (with a link to the respective page)
The CC-BY-NC is a non-revocable license which applies worldwide and lasts for the duration of the work’s copyright.
