Theoretical principles and criteria of historical and genetic differentiation of lexical parallels between Turkiс and Mongolian languages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2025.1.15Keywords:
Altaic languages; Turkiс languages; Mongolian languages; Janseyit Tuymebayev; cultural borrowing; cultural relation; lexical parallelAbstract
In this article, we analyze the problems related to the theory of Altaic languages and lexical parallels between them. For this purpose, new findings and information in the work of the Kazakh linguist Janseyit Tuymebayev “Principles and Criteria of Historical and Genetic Differentiation of Lexical Parallels of Turkic and Mongolian Languages” published in 2024 are taken as a basis. In the Introduction section of the article, the historical development of the theory of Altaic languages and information about Tuymebayev’s other works on the Altaic theory are presented. In the main part, the researcher’s studies in the field of Altaistics to date, his opinions put forward, the historical and cultural contacts between the Turkic and Mongolian peoples, the results of their linguistic interactions, the evaluations and determinations on the historical development processes of cultural contacts between the languages in question are considered scientifically. In addition, Tuymebayev’s information about the linguistic features and vocabulary of Tuvan, which is more affected by Mongolian when compared to other Turkic dialects, and the similarities of Mongolian elements in Kazakh in terms of meaning and sound are analyzed.
References
Akar, A. (2003) History of the Turkish language. Istanbul, Otuken Publications. 339 p. (In Turk.).
Akhanov, K. (2003) Fundamentals of linguistics. Almaty, Sanat Publishing House. 496 p. (In Kaz.).
Aksan, D. (2015) Language in all its aspects: Linguistics with main lines. Ankara, Turkish Language Institution. 244 p. (In Turk.).
Arıkoğlu, E. (2007) Tuvan Turkish. Grammar of Turkish dialects. Ankara, Akçağ Publications. (In Turk.).
Baskakov, N. A. (1981) The Altaic family of languages and its study. Moscow, Nauka. 135 p. (In Russ.).
Bazilhan, B. (1973) The grammatical grammaticalization of the Moñgol-Qazaq language. Ölgiy. (In Kaz.).
Bertagaev, T. A. (1968) The Buryat language. In: Languages of the peoples of the USSR : in 5 vols. Leningrad, Nauka. Vol. 5. ed. by P. Ya. Skorik et al. 524 p. Pp. 13–33. (In Russ.).
Bertagaev, T. A. (1971) Internal reconstruction and etymology of words in Altaic languages. In: The problem of the commonality of Altaic languages / ed. by O. P. Sunik. Leningrad, Nauka. 404 p. Pp. 90–109. (In Russ.).
Bertagaev, T. A. (1974) Vocabulary of modern Mongolian literary languages (based on the Mongolian and Buryat languages). Moscow, Nauka. 382 p. (In Russ.).
Bizaqov, S. (2013) All Turks. Almaty, Republican School in Geography. 288 p. (In Kaz.).
Castrén, M. A. (1857) Ethnologische Vorlesungen über die altaischen Völker nebst samojedischen Märchen und tatarischen Heldensagen. St. Petersburg, Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. xviii, 257 p. (In Germ.).
Clauson, G. (1969) A lexicostatistical appraisal of the Altaic theory. Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–23.
Dolgopolsky, A. B. (1964) A long-range comparison of some languages of Northern Eurasia (Problems of phonetic correspondences). Moscow, Nauka. 26 p.
Dybo, A. V. (1996) Semantic reconstruction in Altaic etymology : Somatic terms (shoulder girdle). Moscow, School “Languages of Russian Literature”. 390 p. (In Russ.).
Egorov, N. I. (2006) Problems of chronotopological stratification of the Chuvash-Mongol lexical parallels and their historical interpretation. Chuvashskiy Gumanitarniy Vestnik, no. 1, pp. 144–163. (In Russ.).
Eker, S. (2006) Contemporary Turkish language. Ankara, Grafiker Publications. 681 p. (In Turk.).
Gombocz, Z. (1912) Zur Lautgeschichte der altaischen Sprachen. Keleti Szemle, vol. XIII, no. 1–2, pp. 1–37. (In Germ.).
Gülensoy, T. (1974) Notes on Mongolian words in Old and Middle Turkic and common Mongolian-Turkish words. Turkology Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 235–260. (In Turk.).
Illich-Svitych, V. M. (1963) Altai dental: t, d, δ. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 6, pp. 37–56. (In Russ.).
Illich-Svitych, V. M. (1965) Altai guttural: *k’, *k, *g. In: Etymology. Principles of reconstruction and research methodology / ed. by L. A. Gindin et al. Moscow, Nauka. 397 p. Pp. 338–343. (In Russ.).
Iskhakov, F. G., Palmbakh, A. A. (1961) Grammar of the Tuvan language. Phonetics and morphology. Moscow, Publishing House of Oriental Literature. 472 p. (In Russ.).
Kaydarov, A. T. (1970) Uyghur-Mongolian linguistic relations in the field of phonetics. In: Research on the Uyghur language : in 2 parts / ed. by N. A. Baskakov. Almaty, Nauka of the Kazakh SSR. Part 2. 172 p. Pp. 57–67. (In Russ.).
Kenesbayev, S. K. (1971) On the issue of the Turkic-Mongolian linguistic commonality (based on the material of some grammatical phenomena of the Kazakh language). In: The problem of the commonality of Altaic languages / ed. by O. P. Sunik. Leningrad, Nauka. 404 p. Pp. 322–330. (In Russ.).
Koch, K. and Dogan, O. (2013) Kazakh Turkish grammar. Istanbul, IQ Culture and Arts Publishing. 788 p. (In Turk.).
Kotwicz, W. (1929/1930) Contributions aux études altaïques. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, vol. 7, pp. 130–234. (In Fr.).
Kotwicz, W. (1938) Kilka uwag o turecko-mongolskich analogiach językowych. In: VII Zjazd orientalistów polskich. Krakow. (In Pol.).
Kotwicz, W. (1962) A research on Altaic languages. Moscow, Publishing House of Foreign Literature. 371 p. (In Russ.).
Ligeti, L. (1971) The Altaic theory and lexicostatistics. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 3, pp. 21–33. (In Russ.).
Poppe, N. (1960) Vergleichende Grammatik der altaischen Sprachen. Teil I: Vergleichende Lautlehre. Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz. xii, 188 p. (In Germ.).
Poppe, N. (1965) Introduction to Altaic linguistics. Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz. xiii, 212 p.
Qaliyev, G. A. and Bolganbayev, A. (2006) The lexicology and phraseology of the Kazakh language. Almaty, Sozdik-Slovar. 258 p. (In Kaz.).
Qaydar, Ä. and Orazov, M. (2004) Turkitanuga kirispe. Almaty, Aris baspa. 360 p. (In Kaz.).
Ramstedt, G. J. (1912) Zur Verbstammbildungslehre der mongolisch-türkischen Sprachen. Helsingfors, Druckerei der Finnischen Litteraturgesellschaft. 86 p. (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran aikakauskirja, XXVIII, 3). (In Germ.).
Ramstedt, G. J. (1957) Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft. I: Lautlehre. Helsinki, Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. 192 p. (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne, no. 104: 1). (In Germ.).
Rassadin, V. I. (1980) Mongol-Buryat borrowings in Siberian Turkic languages. Moscow, Nauka. 115 p. (In Russ.).
Robbeets, M. I. (2005) Is Japanese related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag. 975 p. (Turcologica, Bd. 64).
Sanjeyev, G. D. (1953) A comparative grammar of Mongolian languages. Moscow, Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Vol. I. 240 p. (In Russ.).
Sanjeyev, G. D. (1973) On Turkic-Mongolian linguistic parallels. Sovetskaya Tyurkologiya, no. 6, pp. 73–78. (In Russ.).
Sarybayev, Sh. Sh. (1960) On the issue of Mongolian-Kazakh linguistic relations. In: Issues of the history and dialectology of the Kazakh language : in 2 parts / ed. by T. N. Sauranbaev et al. Alma-Ata, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Part 2. 175 p. Pp. 34–71. (In Russ.).
Sarybayev, Sh. Sh. (1971) Mongolian-Kazakh lexical parallels. In: The problem of the commonality of Altaic languages / ed. by O. P. Sunik. Leningrad, Nauka. 404 p. Pp. 256–262. (In Russ.).
Schott, W. (1836) Versuch über die Tatarischen Sprachen. Berlin, Verlag von Veit & Comp. 82 p. (In Germ.).
Seluytina, I. Ya., Urtegeshov, N. S. and Dobrinina, A. A. (2014) Typological specifics of the Evenk consonantism (according to the data of digital roentgenography and magnetic-resonance tomography). Siberian Journal of Philology, no. 1, pp. 186–191. (In Russ.).
Shcherbak, A. M. (1970) Comparative phonetics of Turkic languages. Leningrad, Nauka. 204 p. (In Russ.).
Shcherbak, A. M. (1986) Turkic-Mongolian linguistic links. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 4, pp. 47–59. (In Russ.).
Strahlenberg, Ph. J. von (1730) Das nord- und östliche Theil von Europa und Asia. Stockholm, In Verlegung des Autoris. [26], 438, [16], [XII] p. (In Germ.).
Sunik, O. P. (1976) Current problems of Altaic studies. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 1, pp. 16–30. (In Russ.).
Tuna, O. N. (1992) Theory of Altaic languages. Turkish World Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 7–58. (In Turk.).
Tuymebayev, J. K. (2024) Theoretical principles and criteria of historical and genetic differentiation of Turkic-Mongolian lexical parallels. Astana, Turkic Academy. 296 p. (In Russ.).
Tuymebayev, J. K., Egorov, N. I. and Chechenov, A. A. (2009) Contemporary issues of the study of the languages of Central Asia. Turanian language union. Kokshetau, Kokshetau State University. 108 p. (In Russ.).
Tuymebayev, J. К. (2008) The history of Turkic-Kazakh-Mongolian ethnolinguistic relations. Astana, Astana Poligrafiya. 366 p. (In Russ.).
Ünal, O. (2019) Words of Turkic origin in the vocabulary of written and middle Mongol I (A–D). Journal of Old Turkic Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 502–615. (In Turk.).
Valikhanov, Sh. Sh. (1961) Collected works : in 5 vols. Alma-Ata, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Vol. 1. 777 p. (In Russ.).
Published
How to Cite
Для цитирования:
Utebekov S., Koç K. Theoretical principles and criteria of historical and genetic differentiation of lexical parallels between Turkiс and Mongolian languages // Новые исследования Тувы. 2025. № 1. С. 198-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2025.1.15
Issue
Section
Author Biographies
Senbek Utebekov, International University of Tourism and Hospitality
Doctor of Philology, teacher, Language School, International University of Tourism and Hospitality.
Postal address: 14A Rabiga Sultan Begim, 161200 Turkistan, Republic of Kazakhstan.
E-mail: senbek.utebekov@iuth.edu.kz
Kenan Koç, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor, Department of Modern Turkish Dialects and Literatures, Faculty of Letters, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Postal address: 48170 Kötekli Campus/Muğla, Republic of Türkiye.
E-mail: kkoc@mu.edu.tr
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author(s) license holder(s) grant rights for their work to the journal (grantee of a license) under the simple non-exclusive open license in accordance with Art. 1286.1 «Open license for a research work, work of literature or fine arts», Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
New Research of Tuva publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC).
Since it is an open license, author(s) reserve the right to upload the article to their institutional repository, submit it to another journal (if it allows republications), or republish it on their own website (in full, or in part).
However, several conditions apply here:
a) The republished version must always contain the name(s) and affiliation(s) of the author(s), the original title and the hyperlink to the original version on the New Research of Tuva website;
b) It must be in open access, free of charge, and no category of readers must be in any way whatsoever advantaged over general readership.
c) should the contribution be submitted elsewhere by its author(s) without substantial modification (30% or more of original text unchanged), the body of the article should contain a disclaimer that the original version was published in New Research of Tuva (with a link to the respective page)
The CC-BY-NC is a non-revocable license which applies worldwide and lasts for the duration of the work’s copyright.
