Single-parent families in Tuva and Kazakhstan: a statistical and demographic view of the problem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2024.2.15Keywords:
illegitimate birth rate; family structure; single-parent family; single motherhood; single-parent practice; socialization of children; Republic of Tuva; KazakhstanAbstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the statistical and demographic characteristics of single-parent families in Tuva (Russia) and Kazakhstan at the present stage. It considers the key factors that influence the prevalence of these families. The sources used are the All-Russia Population Censuses of 2010 and 2020, as well as the National Population Censuses of the Republics of Kazakhstan in 2009 and 2022. The article also uses materials on current demographic statistics, including gender characteristics, fertility rates, life expectancy, marriage patterns, divorce rates, and economic situations and income stratifications of different family types in Tuva and Kazakhstan.
As a result of socio-demographic transformations, both Tuva and Kazakhstan have seen an increase in single-parent households, but the proportion of nuclear single-parent households in Kazakhstan is higher than in Tuva. The quantitative gender differentiation in the structure of the modern population is more pronounced in Tuva compared to Kazakhstan, which in turn affects the marriage structure of the population. In Kazakh society, the rate of marriage is higher than in Tuvan society. In Tuva, the proportion of unregistered marriages is more than double that of Kazakhstan, which has a negative impact on the quality of family life for the population.
It has been shown that there are significant differences in the structure and typology of reasons for the formation of single-parent households in Tuva and Kazakhstan. Public censure and stigmatization of illegitimate births and single parenthood are more common in Kazakh society. Both societies have a high birthrate, but there are significant differences in out-of-wedlock and adolescent fertility rates, which lead to the formation of single-parent families. These rates are higher in Tuva.
Divorce is equally common in both regions, leading to single-parent households. These families are at risk of poverty and social instability, especially for those raising multiple children, children with disabilities, or with a low level of education.
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For citation:
Rostovskaya T. K., Natsak O. D. and Elamanova A. S. Single-parent families in Tuva and Kazakhstan: a statistical and demographic view of the problem. New Research of Tuva, 2024, no. 2, pp. 243-262. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2024.2.15
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Author Biographies
Tamara K. Rostovskaya, Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; RUDN University
Doctor of Sociology, Professor; Deputy Director, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Research Sociological Center, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Professor, Director, Institute of Modern Languages, Intercultural Communication and Migration, RUDN University.
Postal addresses: Bldg. 1, 6 Fotievoi St., 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation.
E-mail: rostovskaya.tamara@mail.ru
Органа Д. Natsak, Tuvan Institute of Humanitarian and Applied Socio-Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva
Candidate of Philosophy, Academic Secretary, Tuvan Institute of Humanities and Applied Social and Economic Research under the Government of the Republic of Tuva.
Postal address: 4 Kochetov St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation.
E-mail: nod695596@gmail.com
Ainur S. Elamanova, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Doctoral student, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.
Postal address: 71 Al-Farabi village, 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
E-mail: yelamanova.ainur@gmail.com
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