Adaptation strategies of the population of the Republic of Tuva: The problematic field of research and expert opinions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.3.12Keywords:
adaptation; sociocultural sphere; innovation; Republic of Tuva; adaptation practice; expert assessmentAbstract
The article examines approaches to the analysis of adaptation strategies of the population in the Republic of Tuva. The author specifies the problematic area of the research and provides characteristics of the used key concepts and their definitions (adaptation practices, innovative potential, social adaptation, sociocultural sphere). The analysis of published academic texts on the specific features of adaptation processes in the regions is supplemented by a generalization of expert opinions, which included managers and specialists of enterprises and executive authorities of Tuva, researchers and faculty members, journalists and public figures. Interviews with 25 experts were recorded by the author in April-May 2023.
The purpose of the article is to identify and classify the opinions of the expert community about the features of adaptation strategies of the people of the Republic of Tuva, as well as to determine the foundations of the study of the development of adaptation processes in the region through the prism of social progress. Adaptive models of behavior are classified as survival models and models of social progress. The frequency of mentions of survival strategies is slightly higher than that of social progress strategies. This is due to the objective circumstances of the socioeconomic conditions in the Republic and correlates with the context of the situation in Tuva. Also, expert assessments of passive adaptation strategies — forced inaction and hope for help from the state and relatives, the build-up of debts — are significantly higher than those of active strategies.
The results of the expert survey have shown the prevalence of negative assessments of departure from the Republic over positive ones. In particular, it has been found out that the residents’ practice of leaving Tuva has a number of significant drawbacks consisting in a long period of adaptation to highly urbanized living and working conditions, a severe restructuring of the human body due to prolonged acclimatization, a decrease in social status, loss of some professional skills, narrowing of social contacts, living of the transplanted people through a stressful situation and cultural shock, fall (although temporary) in the level of disposable income, deterioration of social well-being. The following positive consequences of leaving the Republic are highlighted: expansion of opportunities for self-improvement, professional growth, improvement of working conditions, recreation and leisure facilities. The experts have also pointed out that although the departure of residents from the region reduces the burden on the labor market and the social sphere, the leaving of qualified professionals is not desirable from the point of view of the progress of the Republic.
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Balakina G. F. Adaptatsionnye strategii naseleniia Respubliki Tyva: problemnoe pole issledovaniia i mneniia ekspertov [Adaptation strategies of the population of the Republic of Tuva: The problematic field of research and expert opinions]. New Research of Tuva, 2023, no. 3, pp. 193-206. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.3.12
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Author Biography
Galina F. Balakina, Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, RAS
Doctor of Economics, Chief Research Fellow, Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Postal address: 117A Internatsionalnaya St., 667007 Kyzyl, Russian Federation.
E-mail: balakina.gal@yandex.ru
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