«Аршин впереди, а штык позади»: особенности складывания этнокультурного ландшафта Тувы в XIX — начале XX в.

Alyona A. Storozhenko

doi:10.25178/nit.2021.3.4

Authors

Alyona A. Storozhenko Tuvan State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-8966

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.3.4

Keywords:

Tuva; ethnocultural landscape; confessional space; Old Believers; Tuvans; Russians in Tuva; ethnic boundary; mutual representation; ethnoconfessional group

Abstract

The article examines the main tendencies of building a new ethnocultural landscape in Tuva during the 19^th and early 20^th century – a process seen through the lens of Russian-Tuvan interrelations, with Old Believers acting as pioneers. The author looks at their confessional migrations and the influence their household economy had on the construction of Tuva’s ethnocultural communities. The widely known fact that Old Believers played the key role in the intercultural exchange between newly-arrived Russians and aboriginal Tuvans can be proved by analyzing traditions, various forms of interaction, stereotypes, borrowings, exchanges and social connections which appear both externally and internally.

The article also provides new details of how Russian settlers first appeared in Tuva, founded new settlements of their own and built relations with the local population. This helped us trace the major trajectories for preserving and developing traditional culture of the Russians within the general context of the region’s ethnoconfessional history. The author examines these processes in the light of unpublished memoirs by Russian old-timers, published materials of Tuvan folklore, evidence from foreign travelers, officials and scholars, and of field materials collected by the author.

Versions of mutual representations by ethnoconfessional groups are examined here in the context of their sustainability as theorized by Fredrik Barth – given the fact that cultural difference can be preserved even despite interethnic contacts and interrelations. For the first time, the article provides the notions of the “own” vs “alien” in the ethnocultural world view which appear in folklore materials and oral narratives.

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