Tuvans’ attitude towards the earth in the Tuvan literature of the 20th–21st centuries

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.1.4

Keywords:

Tuvans; concept of culture; native land; Tuvan literature; artistic device; Tuva; history of Tuva

Abstract

The article analyzes the attitude of the Tuvans to the earth. It was changing throughout the 20th–21st centuries. The sources of the research were the most significant Tuvan fiction works published in different years: novels by the classic Tuvan author, the People’s Writer of Tuva M. B. Kenin-Lopsan (“Chylgychynyӊ өө” / “The Yurt of a Horseherd”, 1980; “Kyrgan-avai өpei yry” / “Grandmother’s Lullaby”, 1984; “Azanyӊ bichezi konchug” / “The Younger Imp”, 1989; “Aldyn chүrek” / “The Golden Heart”, 1992; “Chitken urug” / “The Disappeared Girl”, 2000), as well as a work by the People’s Writer of Tuva N. Sh. Kuular (“Muӊgashtatpaan muӊchulbas yr” / “Uninterrupted Cheerful Song”, 2018).

In these literary writings, we can find aspects related to interpretations of the earth. They have different features in connection with certain historical events and processes. These aspects can be divided into three major themes: connection with the earth, the theme of the lost earth and new beliefs about the earth.

The ethnographer and writer M. B. Kenin-Lopsan represented the beliefs of the Tuvans that the earth is sacred and we should acquire knowledge about it and be connected with it, etc. He also raised issues of fostering a sense of love for native places and of our obligations to homeland. As Kenin-Lopsan demonstrates, the events of the 20th century made the topic of the loss of native lands, forced separation from them and breaking ties especially relevant for the Tuvans.

In his novel, N. Sh. Kuular describes the life of the Tuvans in the early 21st century. He covered several issues at once: the topics of the oblivion of native heath, mass migration to Kyzyl, nostalgia for Tuva during foreign trips, fraternal associations of students and acquisition of land by the Tuvans.

The article contains quotations from works in the Tuvan language and the author’s translations of them into Russian.

References

Berezovich, E. L. (2007) Iazyk i traditsionnaia kul'tura: etnolingvisticheskie issledovaniia [Language and traditional culture: Ethnolinguistic studies]. Moscow, Indrik. 600 p. (In Russ.).

Weinstein, S. I. (2009) Zagadochnaia Tuva [The mysterious Tuva]. Moscow, Izvestia Publ. 415 p. (In Russ.).

Dagylga: tuvinskie obriady osviashcheniia v XXI veke [Dagylga: Tuvan rites of consecration in the 21st century] (2021) / ed. by Ch. K. Lamazhaa and N. D. Suvandii. Kyzyl, s. n. 188 p. (In Russ. and Tuv.).

Esenova, T. S. (2011) «Zemlia» kak lingvokul'turnyi kontsept mental'nogo mira kalmykov [“Earth” as a linguocultural concept of the mental world of the Kalmyks]. Izvestiia Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, no. 5 (59), pp. 39–43. (In Russ.).

Zhiznennoe prostranstvo i dukhovnyi mir cheloveka cherez prizmu iazykov Sibiri [The living space and the spiritual world of man through the prism of the languages of Siberia] (2021) / ed. by N. B. Koshkareva and E. V. Tiuntesheva. Novosibirsk, Akademizdat. 300 p. (In Russ.).

Iliopolova, K. S. (2007) Svoe i chuzhoe kak raznye chasti sotsiokul'turnogo prostranstva [One’s own and someone else’s as different parts of the sociocultural space]. Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Severo-Kavkazskii region. Obshchestvennye nauki, no. 6 (142), pp. 11–13. (In Russ.).

Kenin-Lopsan, M. B. (1999) Tyva changchyl [Tuvan traditions] : in 2 parts. Kyzyl, Novosti Tuvy. Parts I and II. 352 p. (In Tuv.).

Kenin-Lopsan, M. B. (2006) Traditsionnaia kul'tura tuvintsev [Traditional culture of the Tuvans]. Kyzyl, Tuvan Book Publishing House. 232 p. (In Russ.).

Kenin-Lopsan, M. B. (2021) Traditsionnaia kul'tura tuvintsev [Traditional culture of the Tuvans]. Kyzyl, Raduga Tuvy ; Tuvan Book Publishing House. 242 p. (In Russ.).

Kombu, S. (2012) Tuvinskaia literatura. Slovar' [Tuvan literature. Dictionary]. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 360 p. (In Russ.).

Kuzhuget, Sh. Yu., Suvandii, N. D. and Lamazhaa, Ch. K. (2021) Problemy perevoda kontseptov kul'tury na drugoi iazyk: na primere tuvinskikh kontseptov kul'tury [The problems of translating cultural concepts into another language: On the example of Tuvan cultural concepts]. Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 405–420. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-897X-2021-18-4-405-420

Lamazhaa, Ch. K. (2021a) Deti dlia tuvintsev: izmeneniia otnosheniia v sotsiokul’turnykh transformatsiia [Tuvans’ views on children: Changes of the attitudes in socio-cultural transformations]. New Research of Tuva, no. 4, pp. 57–75. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.4.5

Lamazhaa, Ch. K. (2021b) Ocherki sovremennoi tuvinskoi kul'tury [Essays on modern Tuvan culture]. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriia. 192 p. (In Russ.).

Lamazhaa, Ch. K. (2021c) Sotsial'naia kul'tura tuvintsev i onlain-prostranstvo [Social culture of Tuvans and online space]. New Research of Tuva, no. 2, pp. 115–129. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2021.2.10

Lukov, V. A. and Lukov, Vl. A. (2008) Tezaurusy: sub"ektnaia organizatsiia gumanitarnogo znaniia [Thesauri: The subjective organization of humanities knowledge]. Moscow, The National Institute of Business Publ. 784 p. (In Russ.).

Maslova, V. A. (2021) «Obraz mira, v slove iavlennyi…» (na materiale tvorchestva poeta-bilingva Bakhyta Kairbekova) [“The image of the world in the word appeared...” (Based on the creative work of the bilingual poet Bakhyt Kairbekov)]. Polylinguality and Transcultural Practice, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 176–184. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-897X-2021-18-2-176-184

Mizhit, L. S. (2022) Dostizheniia tuvinskoi literatury v sovetskii period [Achievements of Tuvan literature in the Soviet period]. Aziatskie issledovaniia: istoriia i sovremennost', no. 1, pp. 73–85. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2782-6139-2022-1-73-85

Minikhanova, L. K. and Fatkullina, F. G. (2012) Khudozhestvennaia kartina mira kak osobyi sposob otrazheniia deistvitel'nosti [An artistic picture of the world as a special way of reflecting reality]. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta, vol. 17, no. 3–1, pp. 1626–1627. (In Russ.).

Mongush, A. A. and Bavuu-Syuryun, M. V. (2020) Leksicheskie reprezentatsii kontsepta «Rodina» v stikhotvornykh tekstakh tuvinskikh pisatelei [Lexical representations of the concept of Motherland in poetic texts of Tuvan writers]. Iazyki i fol'klor korennykh narodov Sibiri, no. 2, issue 40, pp. 106–117. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-106-117

Nikitina, S. E. (1991) O kontseptual'nom analize v narodnoi kul'ture [Conceptual analysis and folk culture]. In: Logicheskii analiz iazyka. Kul'turnye kontsepty [Logical analysis of language. Cultural concepts] / ed. by N. D. Arutiunova. Moscow, Nauka. 204 p. Pp. 117–123. (In Russ.).

Potapov, L. P. (1969) Ocherki narodnogo byta tuvintsev [The Tuvans: Sketches of the folk lifestyle and related household activities]. Moscow, Nauka. 400 p. (In Russ.).

Samdan, Z. B. (2019) Modifikatsiia arkhetipicheskogo obraza tuvinskogo shamana v tvorchestve M. B. Kenin-Lopsana [Modifications of the archetypal image of the Tuvan shaman in the works of M. B. Kenin-Lopsan]. New Research of Tuva, no. 3, pp. 158–171. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2019.3.13

Sirotkina, T. A. and Ganushchak, N. V. (2019) Etnicheskie obrazy mansi i russkikh v regional'noi khudozhestvennoi literature [Ethnic images of the Mansi and Khanty in regional fiction]. Bulletin of Ugric Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 279–285. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2019-9-2-279-285

Stepanov, Yu. S. (2004) Konstanty. Slovar' russkoi kul'tury [Constants. Dictionary of Russian culture]. 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow, Akademicheskii proekt. 992 p. (In Russ.).

Temirgazina, Z. K. (2021) Transkul'turnost' i ee proiavlenie v poetike liricheskikh tekstov [Transculturalism and its manifestation in the poetics of lyric texts]. Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 29–43. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-897X-2021-18-1-29-43

Traditsionnoe mirovozzrenie tiurkov Iuzhnoi Sibiri. Prostranstvo i vremia. Veshchnyi mir [Traditional worldview of the Turks of Southern Siberia. Space and time. The material world] (1988) / E. L. Lvova, I. V. Oktiabrskaia, A. M. Sagalaev and M. S. Usmanova. Novosibirsk , Nauka, Siberian Branch. 225 p. (In Russ.).

Tuvintsy : Rodnye liudi [Tuvans: Native people] (2022) / Ch. K. Lamazhaa, N. D. Suvandii, Sh. Yu. Kuzhuget and Sh. B. Mainy ; ed. by Ch. K. Lamazhaa and N. D. Suvandii. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriia. 360 p. (In Russ.).

Umarova, G. S. (2016) Kartina mira kazakhskogo etnosa v tvorchestve V. Dalia i O. Suleimenova [Picture of the world of the Kazakh ethnic group in the works of V. Dahl and O. Suleimenov]. In: Sovremennye problemy tiurkologii: iazyk — literatura — kul'tura [Contemporary problems of Turkology: Language — literature — culture] : Proceedings of the International science-to-practice conference / comp. by U. M. Bakhtikireeva, N. M. Dzhusupov and S. V. Dmitriuk. Moscow, RUDN Publ. 818 p. Pp. 773–778. (In Russ.).

Chistik, Zh. K. (2010) Ekologicheskaia kul'tura tuvinskogo etnosa [Ecological culture of the Tuvan ethnic group] / ed. by S. S. Kurbatskaia. Kyzyl, Tuvan Book Publishing House. 176 p. (In Russ.).

Published

17.03.2023

How to Cite

Кужугет Ш. Ю. Отношение тувинцев к земле в тувинской литературе XX–XXI вв. // Новые исследования Тувы. 2023, № 1. С. 64-79. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.1.4

For citation:
Kuzhuget Sh. Yu. Otnoshenie tuvintsev k zemle v tuvinskoi literature XX–XXI vv. [Tuvans’ attitude towards the earth in the Tuvan literature of the 20th–21st centuries]. New Research of Tuva, 2023, no. 1, pp. 64-79. (In Russ.). DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.25178/nit.2023.1.4

Issue

Section

Aspects of Culture